The level of sulfate resistance of concrete in usbr was related to the performance of 4908 cementitious materials in astm c1012 and other mixture charac. Pozzolan that has been determined by test or service record to improve sulfate resistance when used in concrete containing type v cement. The compounds responsible for sulphate attack on concrete are watersoluble sulphate containing salts, such as alkaliearth calcium, magnesium and alkali sodium, potassium sulphates that are capable of chemically reacting. Portlandfly ash cement with special sulfateresisting properties for use in all sulfate conditions except dc4m, as defined in building research establishment special digest 1. Sulfate resistance of cement with limestone replacements 26. Sulfate resisting cement is a special type of cement, primarily used in cases with high sulfate corrosion resistance demands. In the literature this is referred as chemical attack 2. Sulfateresisting cement article about sulfateresisting. M12 m6 m4 m12 m6 consider sulphate resisting mortar chimneys mx3. Where concrete is expected to be in contact with sulphates or other aggressive salts or solutions, analytical surveys must be completed and. Castle sulfateresisting technical specification l006cq0806 pdf please note. The reduction of sulphate salts lowers the possibility of sulphate attack on the concrete. Sulphate resisting cement, as the name indicates these cements are used inorder to resist sulphate action.
So, the situation is that, in homes 10 ro 20 years old, no structural damage has occurred and no concrete. Concrete mixes were prepared with portland slag cement, portland sulfate resisting cement, portland limestone cement and ordinary portland cement and. Cement and concrete ced 2 designator of legally binding document. Recent research has focused on performancebased specification for sulfate resisting concrete. Australian standard as 3972 specifies an upper limit of 900 microstrain for mortar bar expansion for type sr cement. Local market high on republic cement s new green product enterprises of tajikistan produce the most popular grades of sulfate resistant cement m400 and m500. The use of hanson sulfateresisting cement minimises. For general use, more especially when moderate sulfate resistance or moderate heat of hydration is desired. It is manufactured from the ingredients of specially selected cement clinker, gypsum and ground granulated blast furnace slag, which result in significantly better sulphate resistance and lower heat liberation than that of a comparable portland cement. Sulfate resisting cement is produced from portland cement clinker and gypsum. Specificatioon for sulphate resisting portland cement number of amendments. Based on these comparisonsteristics alternative requirements for chemical sulfate resistance are proposed. Consider sulphate resistant portland cement to protect against flue gases. Sulphate attack on concrete is a chemical breakdown mechanism where sulphate ions attack components of the cement paste.
The chemical composition and microstructure of hydration. Sulphate resisting cement is more resistant than ordinary portland cement to the action of mineralized water containing sulphates. Sulphate resisting portland cement src is a type of portland cement in which the quantity of tricalcium alumiante is less than 5%. This is manufactured to comply with astm c 15007 type ii and bs en 1971. Effect of cement type on the resistance of concrete against. Lafarge sulfate resistant is a portlandfly ash cement with a high sulfate resistance and a moderate heat of hydration conforming to bs en 1971 cem iibv 42,5n. A portion of the alignment also employed republic type 2 cement for areas that require sulfate resistant cement. It also provides improved durability for concrete in most aggressive environments, reducing the risk of deterioration of the structure and structural failure.
Criteria for concrete mixtures resistant to chemical. The use of hanson sulfateresisting cement reduces the heat evolution. Sulphate resisting cement is compatible with admixtures complying with as 1478. Identification of the material and supplier product name sulfate resisting cement supplier name adelaide brighton cement ltd abn 96 007 870 199 address 62 elder road, birkenhead, sa 5015. Sulphate resisting cement sulphate resisting cement, as the name indicates these cements are used inorder to resist sulphate action. Legally binding document step out from the old to the newjawaharlal nehru invent a new india using. Sulfate resistance and properties of portland limestone cements. Src can be used for structural concrete wherever opc or ppc or slag cement is usable under normal conditions. This test method is also used to establish that a sulfate resisting portland cement meets the performance requirements of specification c150c150m. Sulfateresisting bagged cement hanson packed products. Cement is composed of mainly two minerals tricalcium silicates c3s and dicalcium silicates c2s. The availability, whether bulk or in bags, is not known. Sulfate resistant cements, however, like other portland or blended hydraulic cements, are not resistant.
Expansion and degradation of cement paste in sodium sulfate. Sulphate resistant cement is highly suitable for concrete structures subject to sulfates rich environment. Watch the below video to understand about the sulphate resistance cement. Sulfates can often be found underground and in marine environments. Effect of cement type on the resistance of concrete.
Sulphateresisting cement definition and meaning collins. Sulfateresisting portland cement clinker consists predominantly of compounds formed from calcium, silica, alumina and iron. Hanson sulfateresisting cement technical data sheet. The consequences of sulfate attack include not only disruptive expansion and cracking, but also loss of strength of concrete due to the loss of cohesion in the hydrated cement paste and of adhesion between it and the aggregate particles. The cure of sulfates effect is by using sulfate resisting cement. Doug hooton, university of toronto aci 2015 fall convention, denver, co. Sulphate resistant cement composition, properties, uses. Criteria for concrete mixtures resistant to chemical sulfate attack. Suitable cement type cement should be suited to the exposure, such as sulfate resistant cement to help prevent sulfate attack table 1. Conclusion in addition to producing airentrained concrete with a moderate water content not more than 0. Could a sulfateresisting cement and slag cement be. This is the approach adopted in codes and guideline such as aci 3189 and bre special digest 110 and directly or indirectly in relevant australian standards. Sulphate resisting cementdefinition properties and uses.
Sulphate resisting sr cement complies with as3972, special purpose cement, type sr. High sulphate concentrations in water are normally either naturally occurring or as a result of industrial effluents. Sulfate resisting 25kg the ideal cement solution for use in concrete, mortar and grout where sulfates are present. The sulphate resisting cement is the cement which has the capability to resist against sulphate attack by introducing low c3a and relatively low c4af content in the cement the specification for sulphate cement content should not allow c3a content more than 5 percent because of this you can say that sulphate resisting cement contains more. Ordinary ppc cement is unable to resist sulphate attacks. Sulfate resistance and properties of portland limestone. Sulphate resistant concrete holcim australia holcim.
Environmental conditions such as those met in sulphate rich soils and some natural waters require concrete to be designed to resist deterioration due to sulphate attack. The mineral foams studied were mainly composed of a reactive, partially anhydrous calcium sulphate 90% and portland cement 10%, mixed with a low water to binder ratio wb 0. The final cement is to be understood as the nucleus plus the necessary calcium sulfate and. Sulphate resisting cement is recommended for use in aggressive sulphaterich. This cement has potential to resist the destructive attack of sulfates, especially in the foundations or the areas mostly subjected to sulfate attack. It complies with the requirements of bs 40271996, class 42. Moderate sulfateresisting portland cement portland cement low alkali. In particular, the doh of alite greatly increased from very early stages of the reaction in the presence of ggbs and va, but to a much lesser extent when pfa was present.
Cement concrete containing fly ash and condensed silica fume, cement and concrete research, vol 12, no 5, pp 587595 1982. The sulfate resistance of the aforementioned cementreduced ecofriendly concretes and conventional concretes was tested on mortar specimens that were stored under welldefined lab conditions. A specimen test to determine the cements resistance to sulfate attack, which is. Sulfate resistance of cementreduced ecofriendly concretes. Sulphate attack on concrete process and control of. In addition, some blended cements have special performance properties verified by additional testing. The mortar mixes are in accordance to the original concrete mixes without using the aggregate fractions 28 mm and 816 mm 3, 9. For example type ip ms is a portlandpozzolan cement with moderate sulfate resistance properties. We are not aware of any aci document that cautions against combining type v sulfate resisting cement and slag for protection against sulfate attack. Standard test method for potential expansion of portland.
Sulphate attack in concrete, its effects, causes and. Sulfate resisting cements include type ii and type v portland cements astm c150 and moderate sulfate ms and high sulfate hs resistant blended. Sulfates combines with the csh, or concrete paste, and begins destroying the paste that holds the concrete. It is a qualityassured bs en 1971 cem ii cement and carries the ce mark. Sulfate resisting cement is produced by the fine pulverization of clinker of standard mineral content. Sulphate resistance an overview sciencedirect topics. Benefitsrecommended for use in belowground workreduced risk of alkali silica reaction declared crvi shelf life shown on bagpallet quantity25kg bag. Calcium sulfate is present in cement due to the gypsum addition to control setting time. The concomitant lowering of the pore solution ph, due to the low solubility product of brucite for which a saturated. Af with sulfates is calcium sulfoaluminate and calcium sulfoferrite, leading to expansion. Two main processes are responsible for sulfate attack on concrete. Concrete complementary british standard to bs en 2061. Pdf correlation analysis between different types of.
This is highly suitable where sulfates present in soil, groundwater, seawater, etc. Epic aug 06 castle sulfateresisting cisfb eq2 technical. Redefining cement characteristics for sulfateresistant portland. Portlandfly ash cement with special sulfate resisting properties for use in all sulfate conditions except dc4m, as defined in building research establishment special digest 1. Table 1 describes sulfate concentrations requiring the use of type v portland cement. In this study, a lowcarbon rice husk ash rha was used as a supplementary cementing material in cement mortars to evaluate. The bs 4027 sulfate resisting portland cement srpc is now not available, however en 197 has now introduced a sulfate resisting portland cement designated as cem isr.
Sulfate damage to concrete typically starts at the surface exposed to the sulfate environment and sulfate containing salt that forms on the concrete surface. Sulfateresistant cement article about sulfateresistant. These cements contain calcium hydroxide and hydrate of calcium aluminium and these reacts with sulphate and form calcium sulphate and calcium aluminate respectively. Sulphate resistant cement src is used where sulfate salts are present on the soil or in saline water. Sulphate resistant cement standards and specifications. Accelerated test for measuring sulfate resistance of. Sulfate resisting cement is a blended cement designed to improve the performance of concrete where the risk of sulfate attack may be present. High sulphate concentrations are also found in seawater.
The cement hydration products normally present, mainly calcium silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide, are decomposed as a result of both sulfate attack and of carbonation. Sulfate in the soil and concrete foundations concrete. Evaluation of sulfate resistance of portland cement mortars. The ideal cement solution for use in concrete, mortar and grout where sulfates are present. These cements included two different types of granulated blast furnace slag cement cem iiia 32. It can be used for purposes wherever portland pozzolana cement, slag cement, and ordinary portland cement are used. On the contrary, for very severe sulfate exposure, aci 318 and aci 201. Sulfate resisting cement is more resistant than ordinary portland cement to the action of mineralized water containing sulfates. Since it is the calcium silicate hydrate in concrete that provides most of the strength. Srpc is made by fusing together at high temperatures a precisely controlled blend of very finely ground limestone, shale, and iron oxide to form cement clinker. However, all the combinations of the cements with 50% slag were resistant to the thaumasite form of sulfate. Reference to a technical standard number in this leaflet is deemed to include the latest published edition andor any published amendments issued after the standards publication, unless a date of issue is quoted in which case reference is to the provisions stated in that edition.
Sulfate resistance is improved with lower concrete permeability and a sulfate resistant cementitious system. There was an increase in the doh of the cement fraction in the blended cement pastes compared with that in the neat cements. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Calcium chloride or admixtures containing high quantities of calcium chloride should not be used in concrete that is to be exposed to sulfate attack. These are designated by letters in parentheses following the cement type. The comparison of the results obtained for a same ssc binder formulation shows that the calcium sulfate. Sulfate resistance of concrete produced with portland.
Applications sulfate resisting cement is used in concretes and mortars where the possibility of attack by sulfate bearing waters and soils is high. Specificatioon for sulphate resisting portland cement. Low tricalcium aluminate c 3a content, generally 5% or less, is required when high. Typically, sulphate resisting cement mortar bar expansion is. Could a sulfateresisting cement and slag cement be combined. This product is kitemarked by bsi and our licence number is km 35068. All bsi british standards available online in electronic and print formats.
But an initial layer will form which surround the free c. It also has sulfate resisting properties and has the designation. Moderate and highsulphateresistant cements are used in situations where concrete is exposed to soils high in sulphate content, for example slabs on the. Request pdf redefining cement characteristics for sulfateresistant portland cement experimental research was performed to relate specific cement.
Sulfate resisting concrete page 3 chemical resistance is by the use of sulfate resisting cement. The temperature inversion effect noted for the neat cements was also evident. Sulphate resistant cement fauji cement company limited. Evaluation of sulfate resistance of portland cement mortars containing lowcarbon rice husk ash harish kizhakkumodom venkatanarayanan1 and prasada rao rangaraju, p. Upon hydration, the main reaction products are a calcium silicate gels csh and calcium hydroxide caoh2 or ch in cement chemistry. It has been shown that calcium chloride reduces sulfate resistance regardless of the type of cement used.
Features recommended for use in below ground applications ideal for use where sulfates are present reduced alkali. This report also provides guidelines on how to combine the results of all these tests. Sulfate resisting cement the bs 4027 sulfate resisting portland cement srpc is now not available, however en 197 has now introduced a sulfate resisting portland cement designated as cem isr. Sulfate resisting cement complies with the low alkali requirement specified by astm c150. Sulfate resisting portland 100% mm cement clinker note. Hanson sulfate resisting cement is a packed factory produced portland blast furnace cement manufactured to the requirements of bs en 1971 cem iiia. Sulfate resisting cement sulfate resisting cement is a blended cement designed to improve the performance of concrete where the risk of sulfate attack may be present. We define sulfate attack as destructive chemical action and damage. Victor portland cement may be used in concrete pavements, sidewalks, reinforced concrete. May, 2020 sulfate resisting cement is designed to improve the performance of concrete where the risk of sulfate attack may be present. Sulphate resisting cement uses sulphate resisting cement is recommended for use in aggressive sulphaterich environments where increased resistance to salt attack is required. Furthermore, for very severe sulfate exposure, the documents indicate that the specified blend of type v cement and slag must demonstrate an expansion equal to or lower than 0. Type v is a sulfate resisting cement used only in concrete exposed to severe sulfate action principally where soils or groundwaters have a high sulfate content. A sulfate resistant cement, the dry ns replacement of 6% exhibited more expansion than the control.